213 Definitions & Formulas

Chapter 1: Physics & Measurement

D1

1-1 What are the SI units of length, mass and time, and how are these quantities defined?

1-2 What is the rule for significant figures when multiplying and dividing two numbers together?

1-3 What is the rule for significant figures when adding or subtracting them?

1-4 Define density.

1-5 Define Atomic mass unit (u).

1-6 Define Atomic mass of an element.

Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

D2

2-1 Define position.

2-2 Define displacement.

2-3 Define distance.

2-4 Define average speed.

2-5 Define average velocity.

2-6 Define instantaneous speed.

2-7 Define instantaneous velocity.

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2-8 Define average acceleration.

2-9 Define instantaneous acceleration.

2-10 State the three kinematic equations of motion for constant acceleration.

2-11 What kind of a problem is a “falllng body problem”?

Chapter 3: Vectors

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3-1 Define a vector quantity.

3-2 Define a scalar quantity.

3-3 Explain in words and pictures how to add two vectors graphically.

3-4 Explain in words and pictures how to subtract two vectors graphically

3-5 Define a unit vector.

3-6 Give an example of a vector in unit vector form.

3-7 Give the magnitude and direction for the vector stated in 3-6.

3-8 Explain how to add two vectors algebraically.

Chapter 4: Motion in Two Dimensions

D5

4-1 What exactly is meant by “two dimensional motion” ?

4-2 Explain what projectile motion is.

4-3 What is meant by “uniform circular motion”?

Chapter 5: The Laws of Motion

D6

5-1 Explain the difference between mass and weight.

5-2 Explain how an object can be moving and have no net force acting upon it.

5-3 Explain what an “inertial reference frame” is.

5-4 State Newton’s three laws of motion.

5-5 What is a slug?

D7

5-6 What is a “free body diagram”?

5-7 What is a normal force F_n = n (in text) acting on an object and why is it called normal?

5-8 Defend or disprove:

Static Friction force F_s = µ_sF_n

Kinetic Friction force F_k = µ_kF_n

5-9 The direction of the kinetic friction force is always ______ the direction of motion.

Chapter 6: Circular Motion

6-1 Define Centripetal acceleration.

6-2 Give the formula for centripetal acceleration of an object moving in a circle.

6-3 Forces causing centripetal acceleration always are directed toward the _________.

6-4 Hence the positive direction in a circular motion problem is always __________.

Chapters 7: Mechanical Work

D8

7-1 Define work done by a constant force on a system.

7-2 Define work done by a varying force on a system.

7-3 Give two different formulas for the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors.

7-4 Force due to a Hooke’s Law Spring is defined by F_s = _________.

7-5 Work done by a spring on an object is W_s= ____________.

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7-6 Kinetic energy is energy due to ___________.

7-7 Give the formula for kinetic energy, K = __________.

7-8 State the work – kinetic energy theorem in words and equation form.

7-9 Define power.

Chapter 8: Potential Energy

D10

8-1 Define gravitational potential energy,

8-2 Define spring potential energy,

8-3 Ko

Ugo=

Uso =

W

K

Ug =

Us =

∆U_int =

8-4 Total Mechanical Energy of an isolated system is E = ______________

Chapter 9: Momentum & Impulse

D11

9-1 Define linear momentum.

9-2 State the law of conservation of momentum.

9-3 Define Impulse.

9-4 Give 2 formulas for Impulse.

9-5 State the Momentum-Impulse Theorem

D12

9-6 Define a perfectly elastic collision.

9-7 Define a perfectly inelastic collision.

9-8 Give the formula for final velocity v_f in a perfectly inelastic collision.

9-9 Give the formula for the final velocity v_1f and v_2f in a perfectly elastic collision.

D13

9-10 Define center of mass of an object in your own words.

9-11 Give the formula for x_cm for a system of particles.

Chapter 10 Rotation of a rigid object about a fixed axis

10-1 What is the formula for arc length ?

10-2 Define a radian.

10-3 Give dimensions of a radian.

10-4 Define average angular speed.

10-5 Define instantaneous angular speed.

10-6 Define angular acceleration.

10-7 State the 3 kinematic equations of rotational motion with constant angular acceleration.

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10-8 State the formula for linear velocity v and tangential acceleration a_t in terms of r, w, and a.

10-9 Define centripetal acceleration and give a formula for it in terms of speed v and radius r.

10-10 Define moment of inertia I.

10-11 State the formula for I for a point mass with mass m and moment arm r.

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10-12 State the formula for I for a :

10-12.1 solid disk

10-12.2 solid sphere

10-12.3 hollow disk (hoop)

10-12.4 hollow sphere

10-12.5 rod if pivot is in it’s center of mass.

10-12.6 rod if pivot is at it’s end.

10-13 Define torque

10-14 State formula for torque t.

10-15 Explain what moment arm is.

10-16 Which direction of rotation is positive for torque?

10-17 Write down the formula for rotational kinetic energy of a rotating object with moment of inertia I and angular speed w.

10-18 State the parallel axis theorem.

Chapter 11. Angular momentum

D16

11-1 Give two formulas for the cross product of vectors A and B.

11-2 Does AxB = BxA?

11-3 Describe the right hand rule for direction of the cross product of two vectors.

11-4 Give the formula for torque in vector form. t =

11-5 State the formula for the magnitude of torque. t =

11-6 Torque is to ______ as force is to translation.

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11-7 Give the vector formula for angular momentum. L =

11-8 Give the formula for the magnitude of angular momentum. L =

11-9 Explain how to find the direction of angular momentum.

11-10 Explain in words the meaning of

11-11 What are the constraints on equation 11.11 ?

11-12 State Newton’s second law for rotational motion in terms of I and a.

11-13 State the law of conservation of angular momentum.

11-14 Describe precessional motion of the axis of a symmetry axis about the vertical of a spinning top.

Chapter 12: Static Equilibrium

D18

12-1 State the two conditions for static equilibrium.

12-2 State the formula for the x coordinate of the center of mass of a finite set of point masses.

12-3 When will the center of gravity be different from the center of mass?

12-4 What is the first and most important step in solving a statics problem?

12-5 Define Bulk Modulus.

12-6 Define Shear Modulus.

12-7 Define Young’s Modulus.

Chapter 13: Gravitation

D19

13-1 State Newton’s Law of universal gravitation.

13-2 What is the value of G?

13-3 What is the mass of the Earth?

13-4 What is the radius of the Earth?

13-5 What does g represent?

13-6 State Kepler’s 3 Laws.

13-7 RBD: The angular momentum of any planet is always ___________.

13-8 State the gravitational potential energy formula for an object distance r ≥ R_E from the center of the earth.

13-9 State the formula for escape speed for an arbitrary planet.

Chapter 14: Fluid Mechanics

D20

14-1 Define pressure.

14-2 What is a Pascal?

14-3 How does pressure vary with depth below the surface?

14-4 How many N/m² is 1 atm = P_o?

14-5 State Pascal’s Law.

14-6 Explain what absolute pressure is and give it’s formula.

14-7 Give the formula for gauge pressure and explain each term in the formula.

14-8 State Archimedes’s Principle.

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14-9 What does nonviscous mean?

14-10 What does laminar flow mean.

14-11 What is the equation of continuity for fluids?

14-12 Write down Bernoulli’s Equation.

14-13 What is Torricellli’s Law?

Chapter 15: Simple Harmonic Motion

D22

15-1 A Hooke’s Law spring obeys what formula?

15-2 Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).

15-3 Write down the position formula for an object moving back and forth in SHM.

15-4 The total energy of a SHM oscillator equals _________?

15-5 Write down the formula for the period of a simple pendulum.

15-6 What assumptions are required to obtain this formula?

15-7 Write down the formula for the period of a physical pendulum.

Chapter 16: Waves

D23

16-1 Define a transverse wave.

16-2 Define a longitudinal wave.

16-3 Define frequency (f) of a wave.

16-4 Define period (T) of a wave.

16-5 Define the amplitude of a wave.

16-6 Give the formula for the angular wave number k.

16-7 Give the formula for the angular frequency w.

16-8 Write down the wave function in terms of A, k, w, and f.

16-9 v_y =

16-10 a_y =

16-11 State the formula for the speed of a wave on a string and explain the meaning of v T and m.

16-12 Give the formula for the power transmitted by a sinsusoidal wave on a string.

Chapter 17: Sound Waves

D24

17-1 Give the formula for speed of sound in a given medium and explain what v, B & r mean.

17-2 How does the speed of sound depend on temperature?

17-3 Define Intensity (I) of a wave and give it’s formula.

17-4 State the formula for sound level in dB’s.

17-5 How many dB’s does it take to double sound intensity?

17-6 Explain Doppler Effect.

Chapter 18: Standing Waves

D25

18-1 State the superposition principle.

18-2 Define interference.

18-3 Define constructive interference.

18-4 Define destructive interference.

18-5 Define standing waves.

18-6 State the formula for a standing wave on a string with both ends fixed.

18-7 Define nodes.

18-8 Define antinodes.

18-9 l/2 is the distance between adjacent _____________.

18-10 l represent's what?

18-11 Define fundamental frequency for a standing wave.

18-12 State the formula for the fundamental frequency of a standing wave.

18-13 State the formula for the n^th harmonic of the fundamental frequency of a standing wave.

18-14 Define resonance frequencies.

18-15 State the formula for the n^th natural frequency of oscillation in a pipe open at both ends.

18-16 State the formula for the n^th natural frequency of oscillation in a pipe open at one end.

18-17 Define beats.

18-18 State the formula for beat frequency.

Chapter 19: Temperature

D26

19-1 State the Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.

19-2 What is the relationship between a temperature of 1˚ Celsius and 1 Kelvin?

19-3 What is the relationship between a temperature of 1˚ Celsius and 1˚ Fahrenheit?

19-4 State the formula for average coefficient of linear expansion a.

19-5 State the formula for linear expansion as a function of temperature T.

19-6 Write down the formula for the Ideal Gas Law.

Chapter 20: Heat and the first Law of Thermodynamics

D27

20-1 Define internal energy.

20-2 Define Heat.

20-3 Define a calorie.

20-4 Define a Joule.

20-5 Define Heat Capacity.

20-6 Define Specific Heat.

20-7 What does Q represent?

20-8 What is the formula for Q?

20-9 Define Latent Heat of Fusion (L_f).

20-10 Define Latent Heat of Vaporization (L_v).

D28

20-11 State the equation of the First Law of Thermo.

20-12 What does isothermal , isobaric, and adiabatic processes mean?

20-13 State the formula for work (W) done on a gas in an:

20-13.1 Isothermal process.

20-13.2 Isobaric process.

20-13.3 Adiabatic process.

D29

20-14 State 3 methods of transferring thermal energy.

20-15 State the law of thermal conduction in equation form.

20-16 Define R-value.

20-17 Write down Stefan’s Law in equation form.

20-18 Define s & emissivity e .

Chapter 21: Kinetic Theory of Gasses ?