213 Definitions & Formulas
Chapter 1: Physics & Measurement
D0
1-1 What are the SI units of length, mass and time, and how are these quantities defined?
1-2 What is the rule for significant figures when multiplying and dividing two numbers together?
1-3 What is the rule for significant figures when adding or subtracting them?
1-4 Define density.
1-5 Define Atomic mass unit (u).
1-6 Define Atomic mass of an element.
Concept 2: Motion in One Dimension
D1
2-1 Define position.
2-2 Define displacement.
2-3 Define distance.
2-4 Define average speed.
2-5 Define average velocity.
2-6 Define instantaneous speed.
2-7 Define instantaneous velocity.
D2
2-8 Define average acceleration.
2-9 Define instantaneous acceleration.
State the three kinematic equations of motion for constant acceleration.
2-10 What kind of a problem is a “falling body problem”?
Concept 3: Vectors
D3
3-1 Define a vector quantity.
3-2 Define a scalar quantity.
3-3 Explain in words and pictures how to add two vectors graphically.
3-4 Explain in words and pictures how to subtract two vectors graphically
3-5 Define a unit vector.
3-6 Give an example of a vector in unit vector form.
3-7 Give the magnitude and direction for the vector stated in 3-6.
3-8 Explain how to add two vectors algebraically.
Concept 4: Motion in Two Dimensions
D4
4-1 What exactly is meant by “two dimensional motion” ?
4-2 Explain what projectile motion is.
4-3 What is meant by “uniform circular motion”?
Concept 5: The Laws of Motion
D5
5-1 Explain the difference between mass and weight.
5-2 Explain how an object can be moving and have no net force acting upon it.
5-3 Explain what an “inertial reference frame” is.
5-4 State Newton's three laws of motion.
5-5 What is a slug?
D6
5-6 What is a “free body diagram”?
5-7 What is a normal force Fn = n (in text) acting on an object and why is it called normal?
5-8 Defend or disprove:
Static Friction force Fs = µsFn
Kinetic Friction force Fk = µkFn
5-9 The direction of the kinetic friction force is always ______ the direction of motion.
Concept 6: Circular Motion
D7
6-1 Define Centripetal acceleration.
6-2 Give the formula for centripetal acceleration of an object moving in a circle.
6-3 Forces causing centripetal acceleration always are directed toward the _________.
6-4 Hence the positive direction in a circular motion problem is always __________.
Concepts 7: Mechanical Work
D8
7-1 Define work done by a constant force on a system.
7-2 Define work done by a varying force on a system.
7-3 Give two different formulas for the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors.
7-4 Force due to a Hooke's Law Spring is defined by Fs = _________.
7-5 Work done by a spring on an object is Ws= ____________.
D9
7-6 Kinetic energy is energy due to ___________.
7-7 Give the formula for kinetic energy, K = __________.
7-8 State the work - kinetic energy theorem in words and equation form.
7-9 Define power.
Concept 8: Potential Energy
D10
8-1 Define gravitational potential energy,
8-2 Define spring potential energy,
8-3 Ko
Ugo=
Uso =
W
K
Ug =
Us =
∆Uint =
8-4 Total Mechanical Energy of an isolated system is E = ______________
Concept 9: Momentum & Impulse
D11
9-1 Define linear momentum.
9-2 State the law of conservation of momentum.
9-3 Define Impulse.
9-4 Give 2 formulas for Impulse.
9-5 State the Momentum-Impulse Theorem
D12
9-6 Define a perfectly elastic collision.
9-7 Define a perfectly inelastic collision.
9-8 Give the formula for final velocity vf in a perfectly inelastic collision.
9-9 Give the formula for the final velocity v1f and v2f in a perfectly elastic collision.
9-10 Define center of mass of an object in your own words.
9-11 Give the formula for xcm for a system of particles.
Concept 10 Rotation of a rigid object about a fixed axis
D13
10-1 What is the formula for arc length ?
10-2 Define a radian.
10-3 Give dimensions of a radian.
10-4 Define average angular speed.
10-5 Define instantaneous angular speed.
10-6 Define angular acceleration.
10-7 State the 3 kinematic equations of rotational motion with constant angular acceleration.
D14
10-8 State the formula for linear velocity v and tangential acceleration at in terms of r, …, and ±.
10-9 Define centripetal acceleration and give a formula for it in terms of speed v and radius r.
10-10 Define moment of inertia I.
10-11 State the formula for I for a point mass with mass m and moment arm r.
D15
10-12 State the formula for I for a :
10-12.1 solid disk
10-12.2 solid sphere
10-12.3 hollow disk (hoop)
10-12.4 hollow sphere
10-12.5 rod if pivot is in it's center of mass.
10-12.6 rod if pivot is at it's end.
10-13 Define torque
10-14 State formula for torque ƒ.
10-15 Explain what moment arm is.
10-16 Which direction of rotation is positive for torque?
10-17 Write down the formula for rotational kinetic energy of a rotating object with moment of inertia I and angular speed ….
10-18 State the parallel axis theorem.
Concept 11. Angular momentum
D16
11-1 Give two formulas for the cross product of vectors A and B.
11-2 Does AxB = BxA?
11-3 Describe the right hand rule for direction of the cross product of two vectors.
11-4 Give the formula for torque in vector form. ƒ =
11-5 State the formula for the magnitude of torque. ƒ =
11-6 Torque is to ______ as force is to translation.
D17
11-7 Give the vector formula for angular momentum. L =
11-8 Give the formula for the magnitude of angular momentum. L =
11-9 Explain how to find the direction of angular momentum.
11-10 Explain in words the meaning of
11-11 What are the constraints on equation 11.11 ?
11-12 State Newton's second law for rotational motion in terms of I and ±.
11-13 State the law of conservation of angular momentum.
11-14 Describe precessional motion of the axis of a symmetry axis about the vertical of a spinning top.
Concept 12: Static Equilibrium
D18
12-1 State the two conditions for static equilibrium.
12-2 State the formula for the x coordinate of the center of mass of a finite set of point masses.
12-3 When will the center of gravity be different from the center of mass?
12-4 What is the first and most important step in solving a statics problem?
12-5 Define Bulk Modulus.
12-6 Define Shear Modulus.
12-7 Define Young's Modulus.
Concept 14: Fluid Mechanics
D19
14-1 Define pressure.
14-2 What is a Pascal?
14-3 How does pressure vary with depth below the surface?
14-4 How many N/m2 is 1 atm = Po?
14-5 State Pascal's Law.
14-6 Explain what absolute pressure is and give it's formula.
14-7 Give the formula for gauge pressure and explain each term in the formula.
14-8 State Archimedes's Principle.
D20
14-9 What does nonviscous mean?
14-10 What does laminar flow mean.
14-11 What is the equation of continuity for fluids?
14-12 Write down Bernoulli's Equation.
14-13 What is Torricellli's Law?
Concept 15: Simple Harmonic Motion
D21
15-1 A Hooke's Law spring obeys what formula?
15-2 Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
15-3 Write down the position formula for an object moving back and forth in SHM.
15-4 The total energy of a SHM oscillator equals _________?
15-5 Write down the formula for the period of a simple pendulum.
15-6 What assumptions are required to obtain this formula?
15-7 Write down the formula for the period of a physical pendulum.
Concept 19: Temperature
D22
19-1 State the Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.
19-2 What is the relationship between a temperature of 1˚ Celsius and 1 Kelvin?
19-3 What is the relationship between a temperature of 1˚ Celsius and 1˚ Fahrenheit?
19-4 State the formula for average coefficient of linear expansion ±.
19-5 State the formula for linear expansion as a function of temperature T.
19-6 Write down the formula for the Ideal Gas Law.
Concept 20: Heat and the first Law of Thermodynamics
D23
20-1 Define internal energy.
20-2 Define Heat.
20-3 Define a calorie.
20-4 Define a Joule.
20-5 Define Heat Capacity.
20-6 Define Specific Heat.
20-7 What does Q represent?
20-8 What is the formula for Q?
20-9 Define Latent Heat of Fusion (Lf).
20-10 Define Latent Heat of Vaporization (Lv).
D24
20-11 State the equation of the First Law of Thermo.
20-12 What does isothermal , isobaric, and adiabatic processes mean?
20-13 State the formula for work (W) done on a gas in an:
20-13.1 Isothermal process.
20-13.2 Isobaric process.
20-13.3 Adiabatic process.
D25
20-14 State 3 methods of transferring thermal energy.
20-15 State the law of thermal conduction in equation form.
20-16 Define R-value.
20-17 Write down Stefan's Law in equation form.
20-18 Define √ & emissivity e .
Concept 22 Heat Engines & the Carnot Engine
22-1 Write down the formula for the efficiency of a heat engine
22-2 Write down the formula for the coefficient of performance (COP) for a refrigerator.